可以用Arduino來製作USB設備嗎？嘗試透過Arduino Pro Micro(Leonardo)使用HID功能

Published by Deviceplus 編輯團隊 at 2023.04.19

前言

本文中，我將介紹一種不一樣的Arduino使用方式。乍一看，照片中的Arduino看起來像我們之前系列中使用過的Arduino Pro Mini，但其實這是另一種Arduino。它被稱為“Arduino Pro Micro”。雖然“Mini”變成了“Micro”，尺寸卻並沒有發生任何變化，因此，兩者有點難以區分。這種Arduino在連接到電腦時會被識別為滑鼠或鍵盤等HID設備。

電子設計步驟

預計完成時間：60分鐘
所需元件

1. 關於Arduino Pro Micro

Arduino Pro Micro是一種Arduino，配備有名為“ATmega32U4”的晶片（UNO等配有ATmega328P等）。該晶片最大的特點是當通過USB連接時會偽裝成鍵盤和滑鼠等人機周邊設備（HID）。配備ATmega32U4的Arduino除了“Pro Micro”之外，還被稱為“Arduino Leonardo”，是非常有名的開發板。

在編寫程式時，您可以選擇名為“Arduino Leonardo.”的開發板。

Arduino Pro Micro

乍一看，Arduino Pro Mini與Arduino Pro Micro的外觀非常相似。

但是，Pro Micro具有可以連接到智慧手機等設備的USB連接器，而Pro Mini只有一個串列連接器。

2. 使之被識別為HID

現在，我們讓外觀相似的Arduino Pro Micro讀取示例程式並嘗試讓電腦將其識別為HID。

嘗試運行Arduino IDE的“File”-“Sketch Example”-“09.USB”-“Keyboard”-“KeyboardMessage”程式。

在這個程式中，我們打造一個在引腳4上設有開關的簡單電路，當引腳4被按下時，應通過鍵盤輸入顯示按下的次數。

（這次，我將引腳4改換為引腳7）

#include "Keyboard.h"
 
const int buttonPin = 7; // input pin for pushbutton
int previousButtonState = HIGH; // for checking the state of a pushButton
int counter = 0; // button push counter
 
void setup() {
 // make the pushButton pin an input:
 pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT);
 // initialize control over the keyboard:
 Keyboard.begin();
}
 
void loop() {
 // read the pushbutton:
 int buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin);
 // if the button state has changed,
 if ((buttonState != previousButtonState)
 // and it's currently pressed:
 && (buttonState == HIGH)) {
 // increment the button counter
 counter++;
 // type out a message
 Keyboard.print("You pressed the button ");
 Keyboard.print(counter);
 Keyboard.println(" times.");
 }
 // save the current button state for comparison next time:
 previousButtonState = buttonState;
}

#include "Keyboard.h"

const int buttonPin = 7; // input pin for pushbutton

int previousButtonState = HIGH; // for checking the state of a pushButton

int counter = 0; // button push counter

void setup() {

// make the pushButton pin an input:

pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT);

// initialize control over the keyboard:

Keyboard.begin();

}

void loop() {

// read the pushbutton:

int buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin);

// if the button state has changed,

if ((buttonState != previousButtonState)

// and it's currently pressed:

&& (buttonState == HIGH)) {

// increment the button counter

counter++;

// type out a message

Keyboard.print("You pressed the button ");

Keyboard.print(counter);

Keyboard.println(" times.");

}

// save the current button state for comparison next time:

previousButtonState = buttonState;

}

program to detect as an HID

編寫程式並打開記事本後，無需觸碰鍵盤，每按一次按鈕，就會按照上面的描述進行計數。

如果可以如此輕鬆地製作USB設備，那麼就可以實現更多夢想！

3. 使用操縱杆打造滑鼠設備

我們已經知道Arduino Pro Micro可以用作HID，下面我想通過將它與其他一些元元件組合來打造滑鼠設備。這一次，我將使用曾經在無線電控制設備製作中使用過的操縱杆，並嘗試打造一個可以用操縱杆和輕觸開關來代替滑鼠的設備。

首先，準備一個可用於設置操縱杆方向的程式。

mouse device from a joystick

將電路添加到之前的輕觸開關電路中。將操縱杆和後面要使用的LED連接到引腳2。

const int _UDPIN = A0; // UD Input
const int _LRPIN = A1; // LR Input
const int _SWPIN = 7; // Digital Pin
int _UD = 0; // Value for Up/Down
int _LR = 0; // Value for Left/Right
 
void setup() {
 Serial.begin(9600);
 pinMode(_SWPIN,INPUT) ;
}
 
void loop() {
 _UD = analogRead(_UDPIN);
 _LR = analogRead(_LRPIN);
 Serial.print("UP-DOWN:");
 Serial.print(_UD, DEC);
 Serial.print(" - Left-Rright:");
 Serial.println(_LR, DEC);
 if (digitalRead(_SWPIN) == HIGH) {
 Serial.println("switch on");
 }
 delay(100);
}

const int _UDPIN = A0; // UD Input

const int _LRPIN = A1; // LR Input

const int _SWPIN = 7; // Digital Pin

int _UD = 0; // Value for Up/Down

int _LR = 0; // Value for Left/Right

void setup() {

Serial.begin(9600);

pinMode(_SWPIN,INPUT) ;

}

void loop() {

_UD = analogRead(_UDPIN);

_LR = analogRead(_LRPIN);

Serial.print("UP-DOWN:");

Serial.print(_UD, DEC);

Serial.print(" - Left-Rright:");

Serial.println(_LR, DEC);

if (digitalRead(_SWPIN) == HIGH) {

Serial.println("switch on");

}

delay(100);

}

program confirmation joystick moved

經過確認，可以知道它讀取了程式，轉動操縱杆時數字會發生變化。

接下來，讓我們將操縱杆數位值轉換為滑鼠座標。實際上，這個程式也是已經備好的示例程式，所以讓我們來用用看。請選擇“File”-“Sketch Example”-“09.USB”-“Mouse”-“JoystickMouseControl”。

執行此程式時，會將上下（模擬引腳A2）和左右（模擬引腳A1）的值反映在滑鼠座標上。此外，由於引腳2通過接入5V電源來實現開關功能的，因此可以通過將引腳2與VCC相連或將開關夾在中間的方式來打開/關閉設備。

#include "Mouse.h"
 
// set pin numbers for switch, joystick axes, and LED:
const int switchPin = 5; // switch to turn on and off mouse control
const int mouseButton = 7; // input pin for the mouse pushButton
const int xAxis = A1; // joystick X axis
const int yAxis = A2; // joystick Y axis
const int ledPin = 2; // Mouse control LED
 
// parameters for reading the joystick:
int range = 12; // output range of X or Y movement
int responseDelay = 5; // response delay of the mouse, in ms
int threshold = range / 4; // resting threshold
int center = range / 2; // resting position value
 
boolean mouseIsActive = false; // whether or not to control the mouse
int lastSwitchState = LOW; // previous switch state
 
void setup() {
pinMode(switchPin, INPUT); // the switch pin
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); // the LED pin
// take control of the mouse:
Mouse.begin();
}
 
void loop() {
// read the switch:
int switchState = digitalRead(switchPin);
// if it's changed and it's high, toggle the mouse state:
if (switchState != lastSwitchState) {
if (switchState == HIGH) {
mouseIsActive = !mouseIsActive;
// turn on LED to indicate mouse state:
digitalWrite(ledPin, mouseIsActive);
}
}
// save switch state for next comparison:
lastSwitchState = switchState;
 
// read and scale the two axes:
int xReading = readAxis(A0);
int yReading = readAxis(A1);
 
// if the mouse control state is active, move the mouse:
if (mouseIsActive) {
Mouse.move(xReading, yReading, 0);
}
 
// read the mouse button and click or not click:
// if the mouse button is pressed:
if (digitalRead(mouseButton) == HIGH) {
// if the mouse is not pressed, press it:
if (!Mouse.isPressed(MOUSE_LEFT)) {
Mouse.press(MOUSE_LEFT);
}
}
// else the mouse button is not pressed:
else {
// if the mouse is pressed, release it:
if (Mouse.isPressed(MOUSE_LEFT)) {
Mouse.release(MOUSE_LEFT);
}
}
 
delay(responseDelay);
}
 
/*
reads an axis (0 or 1 for x or y) and scales the
analog input range to a range from 0 to 
*/
 
int readAxis(int thisAxis) {
// read the analog input:
int reading = analogRead(thisAxis);
 
// map the reading from the analog input range to the output range:
reading = map(reading, 0, 1023, 0, range);
 
// if the output reading is outside from the
// rest position threshold, use it:
int distance = reading - center;
 
if (abs(distance) < threshold) {
distance = 0;
}
 
// return the distance for this axis:
return distance;
}

#include "Mouse.h"

// set pin numbers for switch, joystick axes, and LED:

const int switchPin = 5; // switch to turn on and off mouse control

const int mouseButton = 7; // input pin for the mouse pushButton

const int xAxis = A1; // joystick X axis

const int yAxis = A2; // joystick Y axis

const int ledPin = 2; // Mouse control LED

// parameters for reading the joystick:

int range = 12; // output range of X or Y movement

int responseDelay = 5; // response delay of the mouse, in ms

int threshold = range / 4; // resting threshold

int center = range / 2; // resting position value

boolean mouseIsActive = false; // whether or not to control the mouse

int lastSwitchState = LOW; // previous switch state

void setup() {

pinMode(switchPin, INPUT); // the switch pin

pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); // the LED pin

// take control of the mouse:

Mouse.begin();

}

void loop() {

// read the switch:

int switchState = digitalRead(switchPin);

// if it's changed and it's high, toggle the mouse state:

if (switchState != lastSwitchState) {

if (switchState == HIGH) {

mouseIsActive = !mouseIsActive;

// turn on LED to indicate mouse state:

digitalWrite(ledPin, mouseIsActive);

}

// save switch state for next comparison:

lastSwitchState = switchState;

// read and scale the two axes:

int xReading = readAxis(A0);

int yReading = readAxis(A1);

// if the mouse control state is active, move the mouse:

if (mouseIsActive) {

Mouse.move(xReading, yReading, 0);

}

// read the mouse button and click or not click:

// if the mouse button is pressed:

if (digitalRead(mouseButton) == HIGH) {

// if the mouse is not pressed, press it:

if (!Mouse.isPressed(MOUSE_LEFT)) {

Mouse.press(MOUSE_LEFT);

}

// else the mouse button is not pressed:

else {

// if the mouse is pressed, release it:

if (Mouse.isPressed(MOUSE_LEFT)) {

Mouse.release(MOUSE_LEFT);

}

delay(responseDelay);

}

reads an axis (0 or 1 for x or y) and scales the

analog input range to a range from 0 to

int readAxis(int thisAxis) {

// read the analog input:

int reading = analogRead(thisAxis);

// map the reading from the analog input range to the output range:

reading = map(reading, 0, 1023, 0, range);

// if the output reading is outside from the

// rest position threshold, use it:

int distance = reading - center;

if (abs(distance) < threshold) {

distance = 0;

}

// return the distance for this axis:

return distance;

}

完成程式設計後，我們來嘗試讓它動起來。

哦，它真的動起來了！

結論

這次，我們學習了使用Arduino Pro Micro打造基於Arduino的USB設備時的基本流程。在下一篇文章中，我們將進一步深化應用Arduino Pro Micro，嘗試打造更具“Device Plus”風格的USB設備，讓專案更具挑戰性！

還能用Arduino完成哪些項目？可以流覽相關文章更多瞭解：

Deviceplus 編輯團隊

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可以用Arduino來製作USB設備嗎？嘗試透過Arduino Pro Micro(Leonardo)使用HID功能

目錄

前言

電子設計步驟

1. 關於Arduino Pro Micro

2. 使之被識別為HID

3. 使用操縱杆打造滑鼠設備

結論

相關文章

Deviceplus 編輯團隊

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